When a particular type feels like it's useful in most codebases, they are added into TypeScript and become available for anyone which means you can consistently rely on their availability Partial Takes a type and converts all of its properties to optional ones.

interface Sticker {
  id: number;
  name: string;
  createdAt: string;
  updatedAt: string;
  submitter: undefined | string;
}

type StickerUpdateParam = Partial;

// Readonly

// Takes an object and makes its properties read-only.

type StickerFromAPI = Readonly;

// Record

// Creates a type which uses the list of properties from KeysFrom and gives them the value of Type. List which keys come from:

type NavigationPages = "home" | "stickers" | "about" | "contact";

// The shape of the data for which each of ^ is needed:
interface PageInfo {
  title: string;
  url: string;
  axTitle?: string;
}

const navigationInfo: Record = {
  home: { title: "Home", url: "/" },
  about: { title: "About", url: "/about" },
  contact: { title: "Contact", url: "/contact" },
  stickers: { title: "Stickers", url: "/stickers/all" },
};

// Pick

// Creates a type by picking the set of properties Keys from Type. Essentially an allow-list for extracting type information from a type.

type StickerSortPreview = Pick;

// Omit

// Creates a type by removing the set of properties Keys from Type. Essentially a block-list for extracting type information from a type.

type StickerTimeMetadata = Omit;

// Exclude

// Creates a type where any property in Type's properties which don't overlap with RemoveUnion.

type HomeNavigationPages = Exclude;

// Extract

// Creates a type where any property in Type's properties are included if they overlap with MatchUnion.

type DynamicPages = Extract;

// NonNullable

// Creates a type by excluding null and undefined from a set of properties. Useful when you have a validation check.

type StickerLookupResult = Sticker | undefined | null;
type ValidatedResult = NonNullable;

// ReturnType

// Extracts the return value from a Type.

declare function getStickerByID(id: number): Promise;
type StickerResponse = ReturnType;

// InstanceType

// Creates a type which is an instance of a class, or object with a constructor function.

class StickerCollection {
  stickers: Sticker[];
}

type CollectionItem = InstanceType;

// Required

// Creates a type which converts all optional properties to required ones.

type AccessiblePageInfo = Required;

// ThisType

// Unlike other types, ThisType does not return a new type but instead manipulates the definition of this inside a function. You can only use ThisType when you have noImplicitThis turned on in your TSConfig. https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/utility-types.html